西南地区浅圆仓储粮特性研究

通过对西南地区浅圆仓的隔热性能、气密性能、相配套的环流熏蒸系统以及通风系统性能的研究，总结出一些经济而有效的储粮方法，以指导储粮工作。     

不同水分条件下小麦旗叶叶绿素a荧光参数与子粒灌浆速率

利用OS－30型叶绿素荧光分析仪研究水分胁迫对小麦旗叶叶绿素a荧光动力学参数的影响。结果表明，水分胁迫下旗叶的T1／2值减少，旗叶光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm)和潜在活性（Fv/Fo)降低，光合作用的潜在活力降低，这些参数下降影响了光合电子的传递和CO2同化的正常进行，表现在可变荧光淬灭速率减慢，可变荧光下降比值减小。同时还讨论了水分胁迫对灌浆速率的影响。     

基于卓越计划的食品工程创新人才培养模式构建与实践

以培养食品工程卓越工程师为指引,分析了食品产业发展前景及对应用型创新人才的需求,提出了以产业为导向的食品工程创新人才培养模式,构建了产业导向型"3+1"学历运行模式与教学运行机制。旨在专业贴近产业,教学贴近企业,按通用标准与产业标准培养人才。     

棱角山矾种子的休眠与萌发初探

棱角山矾种壳占种子风干重90.19%,种子透水性良好.浓硫酸处理1.5小时后,可使种壳减轻9.48%.硫酸处理增强了种子的透气性并减弱了种壳机械束缚力.添加500mg·L-1GA3溶液,经过1～5 ℃16h及20 ℃8h变温砂藏三个月后,可获得44%出苗率,而对照种子则颗粒不发.     

有机无机肥料配合施用对玉米根系的影响

以玉米品种四密21为材料,通过土柱模拟试验研究了有机无机肥料配合施用对玉米根系的影响.结果表明:有机无机肥料配合施用,提高了玉米各土层特别是中、下层根系干重和比率;增加根系伤流量;延缓根系活力下降;降低根系MDA含量;提高根系SOD活性.所以能够延缓玉米根系器官的衰老,从而使玉米产量提高.     

A methodology for evaluating a location as a selection site for an international plant breeding program

Summary A method for comparing locations as selection sites based upon their abilities to predict yield and disease reaction over a target region is proposed. The probability of coincidence in selection for a site is defined as the probability for a line selected at the site to be selected at other sites within the region. The probability of divergence in rejection is defined as that associated with regional selection of a line given that is discarded by the site where selection is being conducted. The ideal selection site would maximize the probability of coincidence in selection and minimize the probability of divergence in rejection. The method is illustrated using a set of data from the rice yield nurseries of the International Rice Testing Program for Latin America planted under the rainfed conditions of Central América and México during the period 1978–1984. Five locations were compared for their predictive ability in selecting for the rainfed rice growing region, based on yield and disease reaction. Selection for yield was defined as performance superior to the best check in each location. Selection for disease reaction was based on an index derived from the Standard Evaluation System for Rice for diseases of regional importance. Locations varies 10–15 percent in their selection coincidence with the region for both yield and disease selection criteria applied independently.     

Congruity backcrossing as a means of creating genetic variability in self pollinated crops: seed morphology of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and P. acutifolius A. Gray hybrids

Summary Seeds of early generations of three reciprocal congruity-backcross (CBC) pedigrees, developed by backcrossing Phaseolus vulgaris-P. acutifolius hybrids to each of the parent species in alternate generations, exhibited a preponderance of traits (size, shape, color, and pattern) of the cytoplasmic parent. The large size of Red Cloud (V₁), the P. vulgaris parent common to all of the pedigrees, dominated pedigrees with V₁ as the cytoplasmic parent, while the small size and rounded or square shapes of the tepary parents, wild P. acutifolius var. acutifolius PI 263590 or G400445 (A₁₉), wild P. acutifolius var. latifolius PI 406622 (A₁₀), or cultivated P. acutifolius var. latifolius Serowi PI 319443 (A₉), were the majority phenotypes when P. acutifolius was the cytoplasmic parent. Continuing through the second cycle of CBC, that is the second backcross with each of the parent species or the fourth backcross, began an amelioration of the apparent cytoplasmic effect on gene expression, as reciprocal pedigrees became more alike, usually with intermediate expression of parental traits or the appearance of new traits. The large seed size of V₁ was recovered in hybrids with P. acutifolius cytoplasm and the kidney shape of V₁ became rare in hybrids with P. vulgaris cytoplasm. Although the tepary-bean parents represented two subspecies and both cultivated and wild P. acutifolius, the three sets of reciprocal-hybrid pedigrees with P. vulgaris Red Cloud are surprisingly similar. It may be that the exotic parent used to develop a CBC pedigree should be selected more for combining ability in the interspecific cross than for specific economic traits. While the number of generations (six or more) required to produce fertile, intermediate CBC hybrids (that did not require embryo rescue) may preclude routine use of this method by practical plant breeders, the crossability of advanced hybrids with both parental species and the amount of variability apparent in advanced-hybrids progenies suggests that CBC would be valuable for maintaining exotic germplasm in immediately useful forms.     

Inheritance of resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli in tetary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius)

Summary The F1, F2 and F3 from two crosses within Phaseolus acutifolius were exposed to Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli to analyse the inheritance of resistance. The resistant parent, PI 319.443, gave a hypersensitive reaction in leaves and pods with small necrotic lesions. Based on the resistance of F1, the segregation in F2 and the reaction of F3 plants and lines, it is concluded that resistance in leaves and pods is governed by one dominant gene. Comparisons are made with the resistance to X. campetris in P. vulgaris.     

Factors affecting haploid production in wheat using the Hordeum bulbosum system. 3. Post-fertilization effects on embryo survival

Summary An investigation was made of factors affecting the frequency of development of fertilized ovules following wheat x Hordeum bulbosum hybridizations. Seed survival, a term used here to represent the relationship between seed set and fertilization, was shown to vary between the wheat genotypes tested, but was unrelated to the crossability genes present within the wheat genotype. A high seed survival was obtained in crosses involving the variety TH3929 and the single chromosome substitution line, Chinese Spring (Hope 5B). Chinese Spring showed a poor seed survival. Some influence of the H. bulbosum genotype on seed survival was detected. The two environmental factors studied, namely the post-pollination application of gibberellic acid and the ambient temperature, were both shown to affect seed survival. The application of gibberellic acid immediately after pollination or 1 and 2 days after pollination improved seed survival, although the extent of the response was dependent upon the number and timing of the application(s). A genotype-dependent response to the ambient temperature was observed, TH3929 showing a slight but insignificant reduction and Chinese Spring a significant improvement in seed survival with an increase in temperature from 20°C to 26°C. The physiological processes which may be influenced by GA and the ambient temperature and may thereby affect seed survival are discussed.